Study Guide Free Essays

Test 3 Study Guide 1. In melting pot assimilation, each group: 2. The split labor market causes fears about: 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Study Guide or any similar topic only for you Order Now Displacement in a split labor market refers to displacing: 4. Prejudice is a: 5. Prejudice is an overt act barring people from social institutions: 6. In the US, the largest minority group is: 7. Institutional discrimination: 8. The minority group that has the lowest life expectancy: 9. Assimilation and pluralism: 10. The Chinese have a history of being assimilated into American Culture rapidly 11. Jewish Americans are distinguished from the majority of Americans on the basis of their 12. Minority groups are that: 13. Jobs in the secondary work force are being moved to third world countries where women work for low wages 14. Swedish women receive one year paid when they have ababy 15. One major reason women earn less then men is that 16. Gender is differentiated from sex in that gender pertains to 17. In the US women’s movement focused on 18. Gender roles in a society are related to structure 19. S. F believe women in the work force will 20. Women;s economic role in society is 21. When wives work and husbands are unemployed 22. Women’s negative self perceptions are often based on 23. At the beginning of the 20th C 24. Medieval women 25. The word career describes any job 26. The function of social placement means that families 27. In dual career familes, household chores are usually assigned to 28. All societies have norms of both exogamy and endogamy 29. Choice of marriage partner is regulated in the US by norms of 30. Childbearing is a natural drive that over the years have been inhibited 1. The chief means of sexual regulation is by 32. A child is born and raised in his or her family of procreation 33. The most common form of polygamy is 34. A one parent family is usually 35. The structure of families is 36. In ? The marriage rate reached an unprecented and to date unsurpassed peak 37. Heterosexual cohabitation is 38. The sacred was defined by Derkheim as anything 39. Animism is a type of religion involving 40. The belied in supernatural powers is 41. Another function of religion is to reinforce social control 2. Religious systems are 43. New religious movements in the US reflect the social need for 44. Shamanism is a type of religion in which centers on the 45. Religion develops out of group experiences 46. Scared things have a sacred quality recognized in all societies 47. A cult differs from a sect in that a cult 48. All religions have sacred objects and beliefs even when they have no organization 49. American denomenations are distinguished on the basis of 50. One function of religion is to preserve and solidify the society How to cite Study Guide, Papers Study Guide Free Essays Give an example. Write the steps of a Graphing Utility to evaluate your Binomial Coefficient and the final answer. Binomial coefficients are a family of positive integers that occurs as coefficients in the binomial theorem. We will write a custom essay sample on Study Guide or any similar topic only for you Order Now (10:10) =101/10! Final answer Is 1. Explain the fundamental counting principle In two to three sentences. Give an example. The principle states that If a sequence of m outcomes can occur In such a ay that the first outcome can occur In nil ways, the second can occur In NM ways, then the number of ways that Is sequence can result Is ways. Example: I go to a restaurant to get some breakfast. The menu says pancakes, waffles, or home fries. And to drink, coffee, juice, hot chocolate, and tea. How many different choices of food and drink do you have? The 3 choices for food and 4 choices for drink; thus, I have a total of 3*4= 12 choices State the difference between permutation and combination. The difference is that if the order doesn’t matter, it’s a combination and if the order goes matter it is a permutation. 4. There are 14 performers who will present their comedy acts this weekend at a comedy club. One of the performers insists on being the last stand-up comic of the evening, and one of the performers wants to be the first. How to cite Study Guide, Papers Study guide Free Essays The candidates of the minority were hired; everyone was trained in on the COOPS program to learn and understand. The knowledge of what is expected from the citizens and the department had to become one. It wasn’t us versus them, it was all for one. We will write a custom essay sample on Study guide or any similar topic only for you Order Now COOPS philosophy is that you Improve the community by quality and quantity of legislations and with that the quality of life will Increase. Communities want a sense of belonging and know they have trust and a common goal between the police department and them. The philosophy includes having knowledge of who lives in the community and what they are concerned with. Skills that are needed, is personality and good communication. Citizens want to talk to a knowledgeable individual, not to a wall; the ability to speak on different levels of education and ages in the community. The Police will need to work on sharing Information between each other, communication goes both ways. They also need to face problems being proactive, not reactive. Resolving the problem right there and then, not letting the individual wait for an answer by your supervisor. If it is a simple request you should be able to handle it, without repercussion. Some attributes to look for on the screening process, would be problem-solving skills, communication and leadership ability. All three are Important and should be considered Important part of the COOPS program. Having the understanding of the mission statement and the COOPS program will make them a better Police Officer and successful. Case Study #1 Adapting to the Role: The Laissez-Fairer Supervisor SST. Gresham wanted to keep his relationship as a patrol officer than being a supervisor. Being his crews friend was more important to him, than making sure they did the Job correctly and within the law and regulations. Socializing with them after work and being called by his first name brought him down, Instead of up a level. As a supervisor you should have a presence, within the group, but not be a part of the group. As SST. Graham’s supervisor I would sit him down and discussion the good and bad of his leadership skill and style. There isn’t one way of being a leader and his should explore other options to be well rounded Individual and super leader. Maybe guide him to courses on becoming a new supervisor and mentor him or find someone else to mentor him. Some people are more of a number person, so show him the numbers of reports or cases before he was the supervisor and now when he s. Maybe that will get his attention. I would reassure him that he was picked because of his leadership abilities, but now has to act upon them. Some corrective action that SST. Gresham should take with his team is have a one on one conversation of what was happening and what needs to happen. After everyone has been talked to have a group meeting, so everyone hears the same thing Once everyone has been counseled, you can address issues when they are brought to your attention or on individual bases once you reviewed the reports. How to cite Study guide, Papers Study Guide Free Essays string(90) " is the amount of the firm’s operating cash flow if the tax rate is 35 percent\? a\." Exam 1 FIN370 Fall 2011 – Version B Key 1. You are analyzing a company that has cash of $2,000, accounts receivable of $3,700, fixed assets of $10,900, accounts payable of $6,600, and inventory of $4,100. What is the quick ratio? a. We will write a custom essay sample on Study Guide or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1. 48 B. .86 c. 3. 30 d. .67 e. .30 BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: APPLICATION LEARNING OBJECTIVE NUMBER: 2 LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: BASIC Ross – Chapter 003 #45 SECTION: 3. 2 TOPIC: QUICK RATIO TYPE: PROBLEMS 2. Solomon, Inc. has net sales of $745,100 and costs of $590,800. The depreciation expense is $82,600 and the interest paid is $15,500. What is the amount of the firm’s operating cash flow if the tax rate is 35 percent? a. You read "Study Guide" in category "Essay examples" $46,605 b. $52,030 c. $71,700 D. $134,630 e. $105,720 BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: APPLICATION LEARNING OBJECTIVE NUMBER: 4 LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: INTERMEDIATE Ross – Chapter 002 #83 SECTION: 2. 4 TOPIC: OPERATING CASH FLOW TYPE: PROBLEMS 3. Which one of the following statements is correct? A. The NYSE has the most stringent listing requirements. b. The trading floor for NASDAQ is located in Chicago. c. The majority of the publicly traded firms in the U. S. are listed on the NYSE. d. NASDAQ is an auction market. e. The NYSE is a dealer market. BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: COMPREHENSION LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: INTERMEDIATE Ross – Chapter 001 #59 SECTION: 1. 6 TOPIC: STOCK EXCHANGES TYPE: CONCEPTS 4. The Laptop Company has sales of $874,000, a profit margin of 9 percent, a total asset turnover rate of . 80, and an equity multiplier of 1. 75. What is the return on equity? a. 15. 75 percent B. 12. 60 percent c. 10. 86 percent d. 7. 20 percent e. 5. 14 percent BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: APPLICATION LEARNING OBJECTIVE NUMBER: 3 LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: BASIC Ross – Chapter 003 #81 SECTION: 3. 3 TOPIC: DU PONT IDENTITY TYPE: PROBLEMS 5. A sole proprietorship: . is taxed as a separate legal entity. b. involves significant legal costs during the formation process. c. can generally raise significant capital from non-owner sources. d. has an unlimited life. E. is relatively easy to create. BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: KNOWLEDGE LEARNING OBJECTIVE NUMBER: 3 LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: BASIC Ross – Chapter 001 #22 SECTIO N: 1. 3 TOPIC: SOLE PROPRIETORSHIP TYPE: CONCEPTS 6. Which of the following correctly describe a dealer market? I. Dealers match buyers with sellers. II. Dealers buy and sell for themselves at their own risk. III. Dealer trading occurs over-the-counter. IV. Dealer transactions occur on a trading floor. a. I and III only b. I and IV only c. II and IV only d. I, II, and III only E. II and III only BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: COMPREHENSION LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: INTERMEDIATE Ross – Chapter 001 #57 SECTION: 1. 6 TOPIC: DEALER MARKET TYPE: CONCEPTS 7. Which one of the following will increase the future value of a lump sum invested today? a. shortening the investment time period b. decreasing the amount of the lump sum C. increasing the rate of interest d. paying interest only at the end of the investment period e. paying simple interest rather than compound interest BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: COMPREHENSION LEARNING OBJECTIVE NUMBER: 1 LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: BASIC Ross – Chapter 004 #10 SECTION: 4. 1 TOPIC: FUTURE VALUE TYPE: CONCEPTS 8. Karen has $16,000 that she wants to invest for 1 year. She can invest this amount at The North Bank and earn 5. 50 percent simple interest. Or, she can open an account at The South Bank and earn 5. 39 percent interest, compounded monthly. If Karen decides to invest at The North Bank, she will:   a. have a total balance of $16,862. 40 in her account after 1 year. b. have a total balance of $16,800 in her account after 1 year. c. arn the same amount as if she had invested with The South Bank. D. earn $4. 03 less than if she had invested with The South Bank. e. earn $17. 60 more than if she had invested with The South Bank. BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: APPLICATION LEARNING OBJECTIVE NUMBER: 1 LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: INTERMEDIATE Ross – Chapter 004 #33 SECTION: 4. 1 TOPIC: SIMPLE VERSUS COMPOUND INTE REST TYPE: PROBLEMS 9. You want to invest an amount of money today and receive back twice that amount in the future. You expect to earn 6 percent interest. Approximately how long must you wait for your investment to double in value? . 6 years b. 10 years c. 9 years D. 12 years e. 8 years BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: KNOWLEDGE LEARNING OBJECTIVE NUMBER: 4 LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: BASIC Ross – Chapter 004 #27 SECTION: 4. 3 TOPIC: RULE OF 72 TYPE: CONCEPTS 10. You have $2,000 today and want to quadruple your money in 10 years. What interest rate must you earn? a. 23. 11 percent b. 11. 61 percent c. 20. 13 percent d. 7. 18 percent E. 14. 87 percent BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: APPLICATION LEARNING OBJECTIVE NUMBER: 3 LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: BASIC Ross – Chapter 004 #50 SECTION: 4. 3 TOPIC: INTEREST RATE TYPE: PROBLEMS 11. Which one of the following actions will decrease the current ratio, all else constant? Assume the current ratio is greater than 1. 0. a. collecting payment from a customer B. purchasing inventory on credit c. selling inventory at a profit in a charge sale d. paying an account payable e. selling inventory at cost in a cash sale BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: APPLICATION LEARNING OBJECTIVE NUMBER: 2 LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: INTERMEDIATE Ross – Chapter 003 #11 SECTION: 3. 2 TOPIC: CURRENT RATIO TYPE: CONCEPTS 12. Today, you deposit $10,750 in a bank account that pays 3 percent simple interest. How much interest will you earn over the next 7 years? a. $2,086. 06 B. $2,257. 50 c. $2,471. 14 d. $2,580. 00 e. $1,935. 00 BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: APPLICATION LEARNING OBJECTIVE NUMBER: 1 LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: BASIC Ross – Chapter 004 #28 SECTION: 4. 1 TOPIC: SIMPLE INTEREST TYPE: PROBLEMS 13. Grandel, Inc. has current liabilities of $10,200 and accounts receivable of $14,800. The firm has total assets of $39,700 and net fixed assets of $18,900. The owners’ equity has a book value of $16,500. What is the amount of the net working capital? a. $23,200 B. $10,600 c. $20,800 d. $31,000 e. 25,400 BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: APPLICATION LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: INTERMEDIATE Ross – Chapter 002 #59 SECTION: 2. 1 TOPIC: NET WORKING CAPITAL TYPE: PROBLEMS 14. A firm has a return on equity of 14 percent, a return on assets of 9. 5 percent, and a 30 percent dividend payout ratio. What is the sustainable growth rate? A. 10. 86 percent b. 7. 12 percent c. 9. 58 percent d. 4. 38 percent e. 2. 93 percent BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: APPLICATION LEARNING OBJECTIVE NUMBER: 3 LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: BASIC Ross – Chapter 003 #102 SECTION: 3. 4 TOPIC: SUSTAINABLE GROWTH RATE TYPE: PROBLEMS 15. The value of an investment after one or more time periods is called the:   a. complex value. B. future value. c. true value. d. present value. e. discounted value. BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: KNOWLEDGE LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: BASIC Ross – Chapter 004 #1 SECTION: 4. 1 TOPIC: FUTURE VALUE TYPE: DEFINITIONS 16. A firm has inventory of $1,200, accounts payable of $600, cash of $130, net fixed assets of $2,100, long-term debt of $1,900, accounts receivable of $400, and total equity of $1,330. What is the common-size percentage for the net fixed assets? a. 56. 76 percent B. 54. 83 percent c. 65. 02 percent . 61. 22 percent e. 63. 36 percent BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: APPLICATION LEARNING OBJECTIVE NUMBER: 1 LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: INTERMEDIATE Ross – Chapter 003 #37 SECTION: 3. 1 TOPIC: COMMON-SIZE STATEMENTS TYPE: PROBLEMS 17. The Fruit Co. has total assets of $7,800, fixed assets of $7,100, current liabilities of $1,500, and long-term liabilities of $4,600. What is the t otal debt ratio? a. .60 b. .86 C. .78 d. .65 e. .41 BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: APPLICATION LEARNING OBJECTIVE NUMBER: 2 LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: BASIC Ross – Chapter 003 #49 SECTION: 3. 2 TOPIC: TOTAL DEBT RATIO TYPE: PROBLEMS 18. The financial statements of Classic Collectables reflect cash of $15,800, accounts receivable of $31,600, accounts payable of $40,100, inventory of $54,700, long-term debt of $60,000, and net fixed assets of $99,500. The firm estimates that if it wanted to cease operations today it could sell the inventory for $39,000 and the fixed assets for $77,000. What is the market value of the assets? a. $63,300 b. $181,700 c. $201,600 D. $163,400 e. $101,500 BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: APPLICATION LEARNING OBJECTIVE NUMBER: 1 LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: BASIC Ross – Chapter 002 #70 SECTION: 2. 1 TOPIC: MARKET VALUE TYPE: PROBLEMS 19. Theresa sold 300 shares of MNO stock on the NYSE today. This transaction occurred in:   a. a private placement. b. the over-the-counter market. C. the secondary market. d. a dealer market. e. the primary market. BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: KNOWLEDGE LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: BASIC Ross – Chapter 001 #53 SECTION: 1. 6 TOPIC: SECONDARY MARKET TYPE: CONCEPTS 20. The Bake Shoppe has net working capital of $6,100, long-term debt of $10,400, total debt of $15,200, and owners’ equity of $18,900. What is the value of The Bake Shoppe’s net fixed assets? A. $23,200 b. $16,500 c. $12,800 d. 21,300 e. $18,900 BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: APPLICATION LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: INTERMEDIATE Ross – Chapter 002 #56 SECTION: 2. 1 TOPIC: NET FIXED ASSETS TYPE: PROBLEMS 21. A common-size income statement: I. expresses all values as a percent of total assets. II. should reflect a relatively constant cost of goods sold unless a firm changed the percent that it u ses to mark up the wholesale price to get the retail price. III. expresses net income as 100 percent. IV. can be used to compare the performance of a firm both over time and against its industry. a. II, III, and IV only B. II and IV only c. I and III only d. III and IV only e. I, II, and III only BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: APPLICATION LEARNING OBJECTIVE NUMBER: 1 LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: INTERMEDIATE Ross – Chapter 003 #8 SECTION: 3. 1 TOPIC: COMMON-SIZE STATEMENT TYPE: CONCEPTS 22. An increase in which of the following will increase the future value of a lump sum investment made today assuming that all interest is reinvested? Assume the interest rate is a positive value. I. interest rate II. amount of the lump sum III. frequency of the interest payments IV. length of the investment period a. II, III, and IV only B. I, II, III, and IV . II and IV only d. I, II, and IV only e. I and III only BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: COMPREHENSION LEARNING OBJECTIVE NUMBER: 1 LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: INTERMEDIATE Ross – Chapter 004 #17 SECTION: 4. 1 TOPIC: FUTURE VALUE TYPE: CONCEPTS 23. An expense that lowers net income but does not affect a firm’s cash flow is referred to as a(n):   a. direct cost. B. noncash it em. c. variable cost. d. period cost. e. indirect cost. BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: KNOWLEDGE LEARNING OBJECTIVE NUMBER: 2 LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: BASIC Ross – Chapter 002 #4 SECTION: 2. 2 TOPIC: NONCASH ITEMS TYPE: DEFINITIONS 24. By definition, a bank that pays simple interest on a savings account will pay interest:   a. on both the initial investment and all prior interest payments that are reinvested. b. only if all previous interest payments are reinvested. c. only at the end of the investment period. D. only on the initial investment. e. only at the beginning of the investment period. BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: KNOWLEDGE LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: BASIC Ross – Chapter 004 #5 SECTION: 4. 1 TOPIC: SIMPLE INTEREST TYPE: DEFINITIONS 25. Working capital management includes which of the following? I. establishing the inventory level II. eciding when to pay suppliers III. determining the amount of cash needed on a daily basis IV. establishing credit terms for customers a. I and II only b. I, II, and III only c. I, II, and IV only D. I, II, III, and IV e. III and IV only BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: KNOWLEDGE LEARNING OBJECTIVE NUMBER: 1 LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: INTERMEDIATE Ross – Chapter 001 #20 SEC TION: 1. 2 TOPIC: WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT TYPE: CONCEPTS 26. The financial statement that summarizes a firm’s operations over a period of time is called a(n):   A. income statement. b. production report. c. cash flow statement. d. balance sheet. e. eriodic operating statement. BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: KNOWLEDGE LEARNING OBJECTIVE NUMBER: 2 LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: BASIC Ross – Chapter 002 #3 SECTION: 2. 2 TOPIC: INCOME STATEMENT TYPE: DEFINITIONS 27. The average tax rate is defined as the: A. total taxes divided by total taxable income. b. total tax paid divided by total revenue. c. amount of tax due on the next dollar of taxable income. d. amount of tax due on the next dollar of revenue. e. total tax paid divided by total assets. BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: KNOWLEDGE LEARNING OBJECTIVE NUMBER: 3 LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: BASIC Ross – Chapter 002 #5 SECTION: 2. TOPIC: AVERAGE TAX RATE TYPE: DEFINITIONS 28. The potential conflict of interest between a firmâ €™s owners and its managers is referred to as a(n):   a. structure problem. b. organizational problem. c. control issue. d. management conflict. E. agency problem. BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: KNOWLEDGE LEARNING OBJECTIVE NUMBER: 4 LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: BASIC Ross – Chapter 001 #7 SECTION: 1. 5 TOPIC: AGENCY PROBLEM TYPE: DEFINITIONS 29. Anderson Enterprises currently has $400 in cash. The company owes $1,200 to suppliers for merchandise and $4,500 to the bank for a long-term loan. Customers owe Anderson’s $1,900. The inventory has a book value of $3,700 and an estimated market value of $4,400. If Anderson’s compiled a financial statement today, how much would it show as the value of the current assets? a. $6,700 b. $5,200 c. $5,600 D. $6,000 e. $6,300 BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: APPLICATION LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: BASIC Ross – Chapter 002 #55 SECTION: 2. 1 TOPIC: CURRENT ASSETS TYPE: PROBLEMS 30. The internal growth rate is best described as the _____ growth rate achievable _____. A. maximum; without any additional external financing of any type b. minimum; if a firm maintains a constant debt-equity ratio c. aximum; without any additional external equity financing d. minimum; if a firm retains all of its net income e. maximum; if external debt financing is maximized BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: KNOWLEDGE LEARNING OBJECTIVE NUMBER: 2 LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: BASIC Ross – Chapter 003 #4 SECTION: 3. 4 TOPIC: INTERNAL GROWTH RATE TYPE: DEFINITIONS 31. A business organization ow ned by two or more individuals or entities, each of whom has unlimited liability for the firm’s debts, is called a:   a. dual company. b. joint stock company. c. limited partnership. D. general partnership. e. limited liability company. BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: KNOWLEDGE LEARNING OBJECTIVE NUMBER: 3 LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: BASIC Ross – Chapter 001 #5 SECTION: 1. 3 TOPIC: GENERAL PARTNERSHIP TYPE: DEFINITIONS 32. Thirteen years from now, you will be inheriting $30,000. What is this inheritance worth to you today if you can earn 4 percent interest compounded annually? A. $18,017. 22 b. $20,741. 87 c. $28,846. 15 d. $23,190. 98 e. $26,359. 88 BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: APPLICATION LEARNING OBJECTIVE NUMBER: 2 LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: BASIC Ross – Chapter 004 #43 SECTION: 4. 2 TOPIC: PRESENT VALUE TYPE: PROBLEMS 33. A firm has a times interest earned ratio of 2. This means that the firm has twice as much:   A. earnings before interest and taxes as it does interest expense. b. interest expense as it does earnings before interest and taxes. c. interest expense as it does net income. d. operating cash flow as it does interest expense. e. net income as it does interest expense. BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: KNOWLEDGE LEARNING OBJECTIVE NUMBER: 2 LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: BASIC Ross – Chapter 003 #16 SECTION: 3. 2 TOPIC: TIMES INTEREST EARNED TYPE: CONCEPTS 34. The process of adding the interest earned on an investment to the original investment in order to earn more interest is called:   A. ompounding. b. multiplying. c. discounting. d. indexing. e. duplicating. BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: KNOWLEDGE LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: BASIC Ross – Chapter 004 #2 SECTION: 4. 1 TOPIC: COMPOUNDING TYPE: DEFINITIONS 35. The current value of future cash flows discounted at the appropriate discount rate is called the:   a. principal value. b. futu re value. c. simple value. d. complex value. E. present value. BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: KNOWLEDGE LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: BASIC Ross – Chapter 004 #6 SECTION: 4. 2 TOPIC: PRESENT VALUE TYPE: DEFINITIONS 36. The profit margin is the amount of net profit earned for every $1 of:   a. xternal financing. b. total assets. c. long-term debt. d. equity. E. sales. BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: KNOWLEDGE LEARNING OBJECTIVE NUMBER: 2 LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: BASIC Ross – Chapter 003 #21 SECTION: 3. 2 TOPIC: PROFIT MARGIN TYPE: CONCEPTS 37. The sustainable growth rate is best described as the _____ growth rate achievable _____. a. minimum; if a firm ceases all dividend payments b. maximum; if external debt financing is maximized C. maximum; if a firm maintains a constant debt-equity ratio and does not issue any additional equity securities d. maximum; without external financing of any kind e. inimum; if a firm maintains a constant equity multiplier BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: KNOWLEDGE LEARNING OBJECTIVE NUMBER: 2 LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: BASIC Ross – Chapter 003 #5 SECTION: 3. 4 TOPIC: SUSTAINABLE GROWTH RATE TYPE: DEFINITIONS 38. Which of the following are advantages of the corporate form of organization? I. ability to raise large sums of capital II. ease of ownership transfer III. corporate taxation IV. unlimited firm life a. I and II only B. I, II, and IV only c. I, II, III, and IV d. III and IV only e. II, III, and IV only BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: KNOWLEDGE LEARNING OBJECTIVE NUMBER: 3 LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: INTERMEDIATE Ross – Chapter 001 #32 SECTION: 1. 3 TOPIC: CORPORATION TYPE: CONCEPTS 39. When net new borrowings are subtracted from the interest payments a firm pays to its creditors the result is called the:   A. cash flow to creditors. b. change in net working capital. c. cash flow from assets. d. operating cash flow. e. free cash flow. BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: KNOWLEDGE LEARNING OBJECTIVE NUMBER: 4 LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: BASIC Ross – Chapter 002 #10 SECTION: 2. 4 TOPIC: CASH FLOW TO CREDITORS TYPE: DEFINITIONS 40. The primary goal of financial management is to maximize the:   A. arket value of the existing stock. b. revenue growth. c. current net income. d. net working capital. e. the number of shares outstanding. BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: KNOWLEDGE LEARNING OBJECTIVE NUMBER: 2 LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: BASIC Ross – Chapter 001 #36 SECTION: 1. 4 TOPIC: GOAL OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT TYPE: CONCEPTS 41. Your parents just gave you a gif t of $25,000. You are investing this money for 5 years at 2. 5 percent simple interest. How much money will you have at the end of the 5 years? a. $27,595 b. $28,750 c. $28,285 d. $27,500 E. $28,125 BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: APPLICATION LEARNING OBJECTIVE NUMBER: 1 LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: BASIC Ross – Chapter 004 #29 SECTION: 4. 1 TOPIC: SIMPLE INTEREST TYPE: PROBLEMS 42. The cash generated from a firm’s normal business activities is referred to as the firm’s:   a. addition to net working capital. b. operating margin. c. net profit. D. operating cash flow. e. addition to retained earnings. BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: KNOWLEDGE LEARNING OBJECTIVE NUMBER: 4 LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: BASIC Ross – Chapter 002 #8 SECTION: 2. 4 TOPIC: OPERATING CASH FLOW TYPE: DEFINITIONS 43. Net working capital is defined as: a. cash minus current liabilities. b. current assets plus current liabilities. C. urrent assets minus current liabilities. d. cash, accounts receivable, and inventory. e. current assets. BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: KNOWLEDGE LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: BASIC Ross – Chapter 002 #1 SECTION: 2. 1 TOPIC: NET WORKING CAPITAL TYPE: DEFINITIONS 44. Auction markets: I. match sellers with buyers. II. have a physical location. III. consist solely of electronic trades. IV. are based on dealers. a. III only B. I and II only c. II only d. III and IV only e. I, III, and IV only BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: KNOWLEDGE LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: INTERMEDIATE Ross – Chapter 001 #58 SECTION: 1. 6 TOPIC: AUCTION MARKET TYPE: CONCEPTS 5. A firm has total assets of $456,000 and total equity of $217,000. What is the debt-equity ratio? a. 2. 10 b. 1. 48 c. .48 D. 1. 10 e. .68 BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: APPLICATION LEARNING OBJECTIVE NUMBER: 2 LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: BASIC Ross – Chapter 003 #51 SECTION: 3. 2 TOPIC: DEBT-EQUITY RATIO TYPE: PROBLEMS 46. The process of managing a firm’s long-term investments is called:   A. capital budgeting. b. working capital management. c. asset allocation. d. risk management. e. capital structure management. BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: KNOWLEDGE LEARNING OBJECTIVE NUMBER: 1 LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: BASIC Ross – Chapter 001 #1 SECTION: 1. 2 TOPIC: CAPITAL BUDGETING TYPE: DEFINITIONS 47. Baldwin, Inc. paid $18,500 in dividends and $44,600 in interest over the past year while net working capital increased from $10,200 to $28,200. The company purchased $30,000 in net new fixed assets and had depreciation expenses of $15,700. During the year, the firm issued $45,000 in net new equity and paid off $16,000 in long-term debt. What is the amount of Baldwin’s cash flow from assets? a. $48,000 b. $3,700 c. $30,200 D. $34,100 e. $18,000 BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: APPLICATION LEARNING OBJECTIVE NUMBER: 4 LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: INTERMEDIATE Ross – Chapter 002 #82 SECTION: 2. 4 TOPIC: CASH FLOW FROM ASSETS TYPE: PROBLEMS 48. Capital structure refers to the: a. average amount of cash equivalents held by a firm. b. amount of cash versus other short-term assets held by a firm. c. combination of short-term and long-term assets held by a firm. D. mixture of debt and equity a firm uses to finance its operations. e. types of long-term assets a firm employs in its operations. BLOOMS TAXONOMY QUESTION TYPE: KNOWLEDGE LEARNING OBJECTIVE NUMBER: 1 LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY: BASIC Ross – Chapter 001 #2 SECTION: 1. 2 TOPIC: CAPITAL STRUCTURE TYPE: DEFINITIONS Exam 1 FIN370 Fall 2011 Summary Category |#  of  Questions | |BLOOMS  TAXONOMY  QUESTION  TYPE:  APPLICATION |19 | |BLOOMS  TAXONOMY  QUESTION  TYPE:  COMPREHENSION |4 | |BLOOMS  TAXONOMY  QUESTION  TYPE:  KNOWLEDGE |25 | |LEARNING  OBJECTIVE  NUMBER:  1 |11 | |LEARNING  OBJECTIVE  NUMBER:  2 |12 | |LEARNING  OBJECTIVE  NUMBER:  3 |7 | |LEARNING  OB JECTIVE  NUMBER:  4 |6 | |LEVEL  OF  DIFFICULTY:  BASIC |34 | |LEVEL  OF  DIFFICULTY:  INTERMEDIATE |14 | |Ross  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Chapter  001 |12 | |Ross  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Chapter  002 |12 | |Ross  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Chapter  003 |12 | |Ross  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Chapter  004 |12 | |SECTION:  1. 2 |3 | |SECTION:  1. |3 | |SECTION:  1. 4 |1 | |SECTION:  1. 5 |1 | |SECTION:  1. 6 |4 | |SECTION:  2. 1 |5 | |SECTION:  2. 2 |2 | |SECTION:  2. 3 |1 | |SECTION:  2. |4 | |SECTION:  3. 1 |2 | |SECTION:  3. 2 |6 | |SECTION:  3. 3 |1 | |SECTION:  3. 4 |3 | |SECTION:  4. 1 |8 | |SECTION:  4. 2 |2 | |SECTION:  4. |2 | |TOPIC:  AGENCY  PROBLEM |1 | |TOPIC:  AUCTION  MARKET |1 | |TOPIC:  AVERAGE  TAX  RATE |1 | |TOPIC:  CAPITAL  BUDGETING |1 | |TOPIC:  CAPITAL  STRUCTURE |1 | |TOPIC:  CASH  FLOW  FROM  ASSETS |1 | |TOPIC:  CASH  FLOW  TO  CREDITORS 1 | |TOPIC:  COMMON-SIZE  STATEMENT |1 | |TOPIC:  COMM ON-SIZE  STATEMENTS |1 | |TOPIC:  COMPOUNDING |1 | |TOPIC:  CORPORATION |1 | |TOPIC:  CURRENT  ASSETS |1 | |TOPIC:  CURRENT  RATIO |1 | |TOPIC:  DEALER  MARKET |1 | |TOPIC:  DEBT-EQUITY  RATIO |1 | |TOPIC:  DU  PONT  IDENTITY |1 | |TOPIC:  FUTURE  VALUE |3 | |TOPIC:  GENERAL  PARTNERSHIP |1 | |TOPIC:  GOAL  OF  FINANCIAL  MANAGEMENT |1 | |TOPIC:  INCOME  STATEMENT |1 | |TOPIC:  INTEREST  RATE |1 | |TOPIC:  INTERNAL  GROWTH  RATE |1 | |TOPIC:  MARKET  VALUE |1 | |TOPIC:  NET  FIXED  ASSETS |1 | |TOPIC:  NET  WORKING  CAPITAL |2 | |TOPIC:  NONCASH  ITEMS |1 | |TOPIC:  OPERATING  CASH  FLOW |2 | |TOPIC:  PRESENT  VALUE |2 | |TOPIC:  PROFIT  MARGIN |1 | |TOPIC:  QUICK  RATIO |1 | |TOPIC:  RULE  OF  72 |1 | |TOPIC:  SECONDARY  MARKET |1 | |TOPIC:  SIMPLE  INTEREST |3 | |TOPIC:  SIMPLE  VERSUS  COMPOUND  INTEREST 1 | |TOPIC:  SOLE  PROPRIETORSHIP |1 | |TOPIC:  STOCK  EXCHANGES |1 | |TOPIC:  SUSTAINABLE  GROWTH  RATE |2 | |TOPIC:  TIMES  INTEREST  EARNED |1 | |TOPIC:  TOTAL  DEBT  RATIO |1 | |TOPIC:  WORKING  CAPITAL  MANAGEMENT |1 | |TYPE:  CONCEPTS |15 | |TYPE:  DEFINITIONS |16 | |TYPE:  PROBLEMS |17 | How to cite Study Guide, Essay examples Study Guide Free Essays string(166) " pathogens ordinarily do not cause disease in their normal habitat in a healthy person UT may do so in a different environment or because of decreased immune system\." Base pairs: always occur in a specific way – A(adenine) always pairs with T(thymine) and C(cytosine) always pairs with (G)guanine. Because of this specific base pairing, the base sequence of one DNA strand determines the base sequence of the other strand. Genetic code: the set of rules that determine how a nucleotide sequence is converted into the amino acid sequence of a protein Genotype: an organism’s genetic makeup, the info that codes for all the particular characteristics of the organism. We will write a custom essay sample on Study Guide or any similar topic only for you Order Now Represents the potential properties an organism has. Phenotype refers to the actual, expressed properties. The manifestation of the genotype. DNA Replication: one â€Å"parental† double-stranded DNA molecule Is converted Into two Identical â€Å"daughter† molecules Transcription: is the synthesis of a complementary strand of RNA from a DNA template. Translation: protein synthesis by decoding the â€Å"language† of nucleic acids and converting that info into the â€Å"language† of proteins. Mutation: a change in the base sequence of DNA Base substitution: aka point mutation. A single case at one point In the DNA sequence Is replaced with a deferent case Missions mutation: when the base substitution results In an amino acid substitution In the synthesized protein Nonsense mutation: a base substitution resulting in a nonsense code. By creating a nonsense code in the middle of a Mrs.. Molecule, some base substitutions effectively prevent the synthesis of a complete functional protein, only a fragment is synthesized. Frameset mutation: one or a few nucleotide pairs are deleted or inserted in the DNA. Causes deferent amino acid sequences than the original Mrs†¦ Nucleotide analogs: structurally similar to normal nitrogenous bases but have slightly altered base palling properties. When given to growing cells, the analogs are randomly incorporated into cellular DNA in place of the normal bases. Then during DNA replication, the analogs cause mistakes in base pairing. Intercalating agents: can cause frameset mutations. Frameset mutagens are usually the right size and have the right chemical properties to slip between the stacked base pairs of the DNA double helix. They may work by slightly offsetting the two strands of DNA, leaving a gap or bulge In one of the strands when these strands are copied during DNA synthesis, one or more base pairs can be inserted or deleted. Often potent carcinogens. UP radiation: causes the formation of harmful covalent bonds between certain bases. Ex) adjacent thymine’s in a DNA strand can cross-link to form thymine dimmer. If not corrected, this can cause serious damage or even death to the cell. X- rays/Gamma rays: can cause the breakage of covalent bonds In the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA, which causes physical breaks In chromosomes. Spontaneous lab technique that can be used to identify mutants. Take cells that originally can not synthesize histamine on its own in agar that has histamine. Blot with velvet and put onto new agar with and without histamine. The colony that grows on the agar without histamine can be compared to the colony of the masterpiece and it the mutant. Ames test: the way that bacteria are used to screen chemicals for being carcinogens. If the substance being tested is antigenic, it will cause the reversion at a rate higher than the spontaneous reversion rate. DNA repair is possible, but it not 100% effective. Koch’s postulates: 1) the same pathogen must be present in every case of the disease 2) the pathogen must be isolated from the diseased host and grown in pure culture 3) the pathogen from the pure culture must cause the disease when it is inoculated into a healthy, susceptible lab animal. ) the pathogen must be isolated from the inoculated animal ND must be shown to be the original organism It is difficult to apply Koch’s postulates to some infectious diseases because some microbes have unique culture requirements (can’t grow on artificial medias). Vertical gene transfer: occurs when genes are passed from an organism to its offspring Horizontal gene transfer: the transfer involves a donor cell that gives a portion of its total DNA to a recipient cell. (Transformation (mix some DNA with a different cell. New cell integrates new DNA into chromosome), Conjugation (F pills pulls cells together to form mating bridge), Transduction (generalized: bacterial DNA injected into new cell and it’s taken up by the new cells DNA, bringing in new random genes. Specialized: DNA next to phage only), Plasmids/Transposes (plasmids can transfer from one cell to another but can’t get into chromosome so when it’s replicated one cell loses the resistance. Transposes are implicated in the antibiotic resistance of pantomimic-resistant s. Erasures) Type of horizontal gene transfer Starts with: Has to have to make it work. Transformation Naked DNA Competent cell Conjugation F plasmid F+ cell with F plasmid and sex pills Transduction Virus Lit: generalized Lessoning: specialized Plasmid/transpose Plasmid (circular)/transpose (linear) Plasmid: ORR, ROT Transpose: transposes (an enzyme that allows it to pop in/out of plasmid to chromosome) Normal microbial disease under normal conditions Transient microbial may be present for several days, weeks, or months and then disappear. Commercialism one of the organisms benefits and the other is unaffected Mutuality type of symbiosis that benefits both organisms Parasitism one organism benefits by deriving nutrients at the expense of the other, many disease causing bacteria are parasites. Microbial antagonism (aka competitive exclusion) once established, the normal macrobiotic can benefit the host by preventing the overgrowth of harmful microorganisms ex) the presence of normal macrobiotic inhibits the overgrowth of the yeast Candida Albanians, which can grow when the balance between normal macrobiotic and pathogens is upset and when pH is altered. If the bacterial population is eliminated by antibiotics or excessive douching, the pH of the vagina reverts to nearly neutral, and C. Albanians can flourish and become the dominant microbe leading to a vaginal infection. Ex) the normal macrobiotic of the rage intestine effectively inhibit C. Difficult, possibly by making host receptors unavailable, competing for available nutrients or producing obstetricians. However, if the normal macrobiotic are eliminated (I. E. : by antibiotics) C. Dif can become a problem. Opportunistic pathogens ordinarily do not cause disease in their normal habitat in a healthy person UT may do so in a different environment or because of decreased immune system. You read "Study Guide" in category "Papers" Ex) E. Oil Predisposing factors make the body more susceptible to a disease and may alter the course of the disease. Includes things like: gender, genetic background, climate and ether, inadequate nutrition, fatigue, age, environment, habits, lifestyle, occupation, preexisting illness, chemotherapy, emotional disturbances. Pattern of disease: Incubation period: period between initial infection and 1st appearance of an s/sex. Paranormal period: mild s/sex period of illness: most severe s/sex period of decline: s/sex decline period of convalescence: person regains strength. Recovery has occurred. Alexander Fleming discovered the 1st antibiotic (Penicillin) when he saw the zone of inhibition around a contaminating Penicillin mold colony on his bacterial Petri dish. Most antibiotics start out by bring discovered in â€Å"wild† microbes as they fight for survival and compete for nutrients. Narrow spectrum antibiotics: only target gram – or gram + bacteria, typically not both Broad spectrum antibiotics affect a broad range of gram + or gram – bacteria. One possible side effect of using this type of antibiotic is the risk of superscription by normal flora such as that seen in Candida Albanians yeast infections or with C. If bacterial overgrowth. Bactericidal: kill microbes directly Biostatistics: prevent microbes from growing 5 main targets of antibiotic drugs: )inhibiting cell wall synthesis (penicillin, cosponsoring, backtracking, pantomimic) 2) inhibiting protein synthesis (chlorination, erythrocytes, tetracycline, 4) inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis (refr aming, questioned) 5) inhibiting synthesis of essential metabolites (sulfanilamide, thermopile) Disk- diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer test): disks soaked in antibiotic are put onto agar that has been uniformly inoculated with bacteria. During incubation a zone of inhibition forms around the disks that are effective against that particular bacteria. The zone of inhibition can be measured and is compared to a standard table for that drug and incineration. The organism is then reported as sensitive, intermediate, or resistant. Main ways bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics 1) blocking entry of the antibiotic 2) inactivating enzymes that are targeted by the antibiotic 3) altering the target molecule that the antibiotic binds to 4) efflux of the antibiotic by pumping it back out if it enters the cell Antibiotic misuse: being used without a prescription, physician oversight, using dose regimens that are too low or too short in duration, using out dated or impure antibiotics, using antibiotics for viral infections Therapeutic index: evaluating the side effects of the drug versus the benefits of use Synergism: the chemotherapeutic effect of 2 drugs given simultaneously is sometimes greater than the effect of either given alone Antagonism: the simultaneous use is often less effective than when either drug is used alone Factors contributing to emerging infectious diseases: new strains resulting from genetic recombination between organisms, new crossovers from changes in or evolution of existing microorganisms, widespread use of antibiotics and pesticides, global warming and changes in weather patterns leading to increased distribution and arrival of reservoirs and vectors, known diseases spread by modern transportation to new areas, previously unrecognized infections in regions of ecological change brought about by natural disaster, construction, wars, or expanding human settlement, animal control measures leading to rising animal reservoir populations when predators are removed, and failure in p ublic health measures such as when people fail to get vaccinated as recommended. How Bacterial pathogens damage host cells Extension: because of the enzymatic nature of most extension, even small amounts are quite harmful because they can act over and over again. Can be gram – or gram . Work by destroying particular parts of the host’s cells or by inhibiting certain metabolic functions. They are highly specific in their effects on body tissues. Proteins. Superannuating: antigens that provoke a very intense immune response. Through a series of interactions with various cells of the immune system, superannuating nonsensically stimulate the proliferation of T cells. In response to superannuating, T cells release enormous amounts of cytokines that enter the bloodstream causing fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and sometimes shock and death. Antitoxins: are part of the outer portion of the cell wall of gram – bacteria. Alphanumerically. Released with gram – cells die. Exert their effects by stimulating macrophages to release cytokines in very high concentrations. At these levels they are toxic. All antitoxins cause the same signs and symptoms although not to the same degree: chills, fever, weakness, generalized aches, shock and death. Another consequence of antitoxins is the activation of blood-clotting proteins resulting in decreased blood hide from the host’s immune system in the host’s cells. Enzyme-linked misbegotten assay (ELISE): direct ELISE: detects antigens such as HOC in pregnancy testing indirect ELISE: detects antibodies such as in the HIVE test HIVE particles attach specifically to receptors on CDC T cells. New HIVE glades (Greek for branches) keep evolving as the virus mutates. Phases of HIVE Phase 1 : symptomatic or chronic lymphocyte’s where there is a lot of HIVE in the blood but then immune system causes a sharp depletion in virus numbers in the blood within a few weeks phase 2: symptomatic, where early signs of immune failure are seen. The numbers of T cells declines steadily. HIVE replication continues but at a relatively slow rate. Hash 3: Clinical AIDS emerges, usually within 10 years of infections. T cell numbers are below celled/LU. (200 cells/LU defines AIDS) Important AIDS indicators appear such as: Candida Albanians infections of the bronchi, trachea or lungs; pneumatics pneumonia, taxonomists of the brain, and kapok’s sarcoma. Corros iveness: A problem with antibody-type testing is the window of time between infection and the appearance of detectable antibodies. This interval can be as long as 3 months. Pneumatics pneumonia is seen in AIDS patients because while the pathogen can be found in human lungs, if the patient is incompetents they will have few or no symptoms. The loss of an effective immune system defense allowed he activation of a latent infection. Template Process Enzyme Product DNA Replication DNA polymerase Transcription RNA polymerase RNA Translation Ribosome Protein Reverse transcription Reverse transcripts Agonized is used for mycobacterium. Some pathogens use sidestrokes to steal iron from the host. Others use the host cell for nutrients and produce damaging waste products or rupture host cells. Transcription: to turn DNA into RNA, copy the letters but turn It’s into Us (RNA is complimentary would be: TAGS AC ACT ACT AT EGG ACT AC 5†² transcribed to RNA: 3†² I-JAG AC COG AC AAU EGG ICC AC 5†² each group of 3 then translated onto an amino acid using a chart. Communicable disease: any disease that spreads from one host to another, either indirectly or directly Incommunicable disease: not spread from one host to another. These diseases are caused by microorganisms that normally inhabit the body and only occasionally produce disease or by microbes that reside outside the body and produce disease only when introduced into the body such as tetanus. Symptoms: changes in body function Signs: objective changes the physician can observe and measure Syndrome: a specific group of sings or symptoms that may always accompany a particular disease Incidence: the number of people in a population who develop a disease during a particular time period. Prevalence: the number of people in a population who develop a disease at a specified time, regardless of when it first appeared. Takes into account old and new cases. Sporadic disease: a disease that occurs only occasionally ex) typhoid fever in the US Endemic disease: a disease constantly present in a population ex) common cold Epidemic disease: if many people in a given area acquire a certain disease in a relatively short period ex) flu Pandemic disease: an epidemic disease that occur worldwide ex) AIDS Acute disease: a disease that evolves rapidly but lasts only a short time ex) flu Chronic disease: develops more slowly and the body reactions may be less severe, but the disease is likely to continue to recur for long periods. Ex) hepatitis B and TAB Subspace disease: a disease that is intermediate between acute and chronic Latent disease: a disease in which the causative agent remains inactive for a time but then becomes active to produce symptoms of the disease ex) shingles Local infection: one in which the invading microbes are limited to a relatively small area of the body ex) boils and abscesses Systemic infection: microbes or their products are spread throughout the body by the blood or lymph. Ex) measles Focal infection: sometimes agents off local infection enter a blood or lymphatic vessel and spread to other specific parts of the body, where they are confined to specific areas of the body. Ex) can arise from infections in the teeth, tonsils or sinuses Sepsis: a toxic inflammatory condition arising from the spread of microbes (especially bacteria and their toxins) from a focus infection skepticism: aka blood poisoning is a systemic infection arising from the altercation of pathogens in the blood bacteria: the presence of bacteria in the blood tootsie: refers to the presence of toxins in the blood (as occurs in tetanus) vermin: refers to the presence of viruses in blood primary infection: an acute infection that causes initial illness secondary infection: one caused by an opportunistic pathogen after the primary infection has weakened the body defenses. Substantial (unapparent) infection: one that does not cause any noticeable illness ex) Heap A and polio can be carried by people who never develop the illness Herd immunity: as long as enough people are vaccinated most of the population will be safe from those diseases Three main ways that the causative agents of an infectious disease can be transmitted from the reservoir of infection to a susceptible host: contact, vehicle, and vector transmission Direct contact agent by physical contact between its source and a susceptible host, no intermediate object is involved ex) kissing, touching and sex Indirect contact transmission: occurs when the agent of the disease is transmitted from its reservoir to a susceptible host by means of a nonliving object (or finite) Droplet transmission: a type of contact remission in which microbes are spread in droplet nuclei (mucus droplets) that travel only short distances ex) discharged by sneezing, coughing, etc Vehicle transmission: the transmission o f disease agents by a medium such as water, food or air. Vectors: animals that carry pathogens from one host to another (arthropods most important) mechanical transmission: the passive transport of the pathogens on the insect’s feet or other body parts ex) house flies biological transmission: is an active process and is more complex. The arthropod bites an infected person or animal and ingests some of the infected blood. The pathogens then reproduce in the vector, and the increase in the number of pathogens increases the possibility that they will be transmitted to another host. Ex) anopheles mosquito: malaria Epidemiology: the science that studies when and where diseases occur and how they are transmitted in populations Morbidity: the incidence of specific noticeable diseases Mortality: the number of deaths from these diseases Noticeable infectious diseases: are diseases for which physicians are required by law to report cases to the US Public Health Service. As of 2008, a total of 63 infectious diseases were reported at the national level. Cad’s (Centers for Disease Control) Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MAR): contains data on morbidity and mortality. These data are organized by state and read by microbiologists, physicians and other hospital and public health professionals. Contributors to pathogenic: capsules: resist phagocytes and promote adherence M protein in the cell wall: helps bacteria bind to host cell and helps bacteria to resist phagocytes by Webs familiar in the cell wall: cause host cells to take up bacteria coagulate enzyme: p romotes blood coagulation (clotting). These clots may protect the actinium from phagocytes and isolate from other defenses streptomycin’s enzyme: breaks down fibrin in blood clots hollandaise and collagen’s enzymes: break down components of human connective tissue and facilitate the spread of the bacterium Gig protease enzymes: help to destroy human Gig antibodies secreted in some body fluids invasions: promote bacterial uptake via riffing Antigenic variation will help a pathogen hide from the immune system by changing their surface antigens (shapes) so the immune system can’t recognize them. Actions of extension: membrane-disrupting, superannuating that can cause cardiovascular shock due to creased BP. Psychotic diphtheria toxin botulism toxin that causes flaccid paralysis tetanus toxin causes spastic paralysis cholera toxin causes the secretion of large amounts of fluids and electrolytes into the intestines leading to extreme diarrhea Indention is the lipid A portion of the alphanumerically (ALPS) in gram – cell walls and it causes inflammation leading to dilated capillaries which can lead to septic shock and possibly disseminated providing the immune system with a primary exposure (leading to formation of antibodies and long-term memory cells) so subsequent exposure to a pathogen leads o a secondary immune response which is much more robust. Bastardization: eliminates pathogenic microbes. In milk, it also lowers microbial numbers which prolongs milks quality under refrigeration. Shish toxin causes severe illness and has emerged as a leading cause of bedroom illness. It is found in E. Coli 0147:HUH because of specialized transduction (a form of horizontal gene transfer) so the common 0157:HA strain is the result of a recombination of E. Coli DNA with the gene for Shish toxin from Shillelagh. Shish toxin is from Shillelagh species and destroys tissue in the intestinal wall leading to dysentery. How to cite Study Guide, Papers Study Guide Free Essays They separate our water and keep It sanitary. We get to reuse the water from run off. 4. We will write a custom essay sample on Study Guide or any similar topic only for you Order Now What Is a tributary? A river or stream flowing into a larger river or lake 5. What is a river? A large natural stream of water flowing in a channel to the sea, a lake, or another such stream 6. Identify 5 uses of rivers Drinking water, Hygiene, Run off, Playing in, Transportation Book – peg. 412 7. What is Stream Load ? Stream load Is a geologic term referring to the solid matter carried by a stream 8. What Is discharge? Allow (a liquid, gas, or other substance) to flow out from where It has been confined. Explain how the speed of a stream is related to its discharge, load, and erosive power. The speed determines the amount of discharge, load and power it is giving. 10. What is a gradient? An increase or decrease in the magnitude of a property (e. G. , temperature, pressure, or concentration) observed in passing from one point or moment to another. 11 . Give an example of a stream’s speed of flow as it relates to its gradient and power of erosion. North America can be divided into several basins west. These ions are eventually carried to the oceans and give the oceans their salty character. When flow velocity decreases the competence Is reduced and speed decreases. 12. What are tributaries? A river or stream flowing Into a larger river or lake 13. What Is stream discharge? The volume of water to pass a given point on a stream bank per unit of time, usually load related to a stream’s erosive power? How much load discharge is taken and the steams power is high or low. Http://hemstitching. Com/warehouse/geology/ surface_processes/animations/sediment internments SF What particles make up the dissolved load? Slit and Clay 16. What particles make up the suspended load? 17. What particles make up the bed load? Gravel 18. Draw and label a diagram of the animation, make sure to identify the 3 types of load. httpHttpmxehemstitchingm/Summerhouse/geology/surface_processes/animations/ meandering extraterrestrials are meanders? Streams flowing physicality’s part of the curve does the river erode? Troubleshooter . What part of the curve are sediments deposited? Cut bank and point bar 22. Where is water the fastest in a meander? Point Bar 23. Where is water the slowest in a meander? Cut Bank 24. Draw a diagram of a meandering stream and label the following: river erosion, river deposition, fast moving water, slow moving water 15. 3 Stream Deposition http://interactive-earth. Com/resources/science-visualvisualizationssisMississippi- animations. HTML Thames is a delta? Body of water flowing into a river. 26. How much of the continental US does the Mississippi river drain water from? 98% 27. How long has it taken the Mississippi River to build its delta? Each year is different but it takes a long time depending on weather around. 28. Explain how natural levees are built. The ground vegetarianism and form into the shape the water needs to be held in. Oversimplification’s in deltas because nothing is the same they need different elements for each in the deltas. Http:/Adaptation. nationEncephalographicedComtion/encyclopedia/alluvial-financiers. What is an alluvial fan? An alluvial fan is a triangle-shaped deposit of gravel, sand, and even smaller pieces of sediment, such as silt. This sediment is called alluvium 31 . Explain how an alluvial fan forms. Alluvial fans are usually created as flowing water interacts with mountains, hills, or he steep walls of canyons. Streams carrying alluvium can be trickles of rainwater, a fast-moving creek, a powerful river, or even runoff from agriculture or industry. Http:/Http. BBC. Subconsciously/irreproachableness/change_river/peg_27_Pegasus. SHTML SHTML is a floodplain? What happened when a flood happens and where the water goes. 33. Explaining floodplain can form over time. They change the meanders in different positions over time. 34. Draw a diagram of a floodplain being sure to label the following parts: natural levees, oxbow lake, areas of maximum velocity, areas of deposit How to cite Study Guide, Papers